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Advancing ray-traced ultra-high vacuum simulations : enhanced algorithms and data structures in molflow / Pascal Bähr. Wuppertal, 06. Dezember 2023
Inhalt
Kurzfassung
Contents
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Introduction
Description of the problem
Motivation of this thesis
Outline of this thesis
Background
Vacuum
Monte Carlo simulations with Molflow
Motivation
The Test Particle Monte Carlo method
The Monte Carlo model
Time-dependent simulation
Pseudo Random Number Generator
State of the art
Case studies
Synrad
Ultra high vacuum and Synchrotron radiation problems
Ray tracing
Basics
Coordinate system
Ray tracing algorithm
Line-plane intersection
Point in polygon
Line-box intersection
Acceleration Techniques
Acceleration Data Structures
Boundary Volume Hierarchy
KD-tree
Grid-based partitioning
State of the art - Ray tracing
Contributions
Software Development Process
Code Refactoring
Molflow CLI
Automated testing and GitLab CI/CD
Test suite
Gitlab pipeline
Parallel and distributed computing
OS x Compiler
Profiling
Test cases
Geometry characteristics
Geometries
Cylindrical vacuum tube
Design and Development
Software architecture
Geometry representation
Meshes
Constructive solid geometry
Time-dependent simulations
Motivation
Time moments
Redesign
Lookup algorithms
Benchmarks
Conclusion
Neighbouring Facets
Constraints
Algorithm : List-based
Algorithm : Map-based
Benchmark
Conclusion
Iterative Simulations
Motivation
Iterative algorithm
Convergence
Basics
Stopping criteria
Convergence criteria
Confidence intervals
Acceptable Shifting Convergence Band Rule criterion
Entropy
Empirical validation
Advanced Ray Tracing techniques
Construction
Bounding Volume Hierarchy
KD-tree
KD-tree Traversal
Splitting heuristics
General Cost Function for ADS Splitting Heuristics
Surface Area Heuristic (SAH)
Ray Distribution Heuristic (RDH)
Hit Rate Heuristic
Hybrid heuristics
Binning
Discussion
Evaluation and Benchmarks
Hybrid heuristics
Benchmark
Outlook
GPGPU Kernel
GPU Basics
Threads
Blocks
Warps
Streaming Multiprocessors
Memory Space
Cooperation and Synchronisation
Best Practices in CUDA Programming
Ray tracing on GPUs
Hardware accelerated RT
GPU ray tracing with OptiX 7
OptiX Basics
Integration Process
Challenges in OptiX integration for Molflow
GPU Kernel development
Previous work
Molflow's GPU implementation
Performance and precision study
Neighbour Aware Offset (NAO)
Offset to center
Classification
Conclusion
Conclusion and Future Work
Bibliography
CERN hardware