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Propagation in the Galactic magnetic field : effects on the spectrum, composition and anisotropy of Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays / Alex Kääpä. Wuppertal, [2022]
Content
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Cosmic rays
Historical overview
General properties of cosmic rays
Cosmic ray observables
Cosmic ray transport
Cosmic ray detection via extensive air showers and the Pierre Auger Observatory
Extensive air showers
The Pierre Auger Observatory
The Galactic magnetic field
Terminology
Observables
GMF models
Conclusions on cosmic ray propagation
Liouville's Theorem
Derivation of Liouville's Theorem
Adiabatic invariants
Implications on the cosmic ray flux
Simulation tool - CRPropa 3
Relevant modules for Galactic propagation
Simulation setup
Investigation of Galactic propagation effects
Deflection angle and trajectory length distribution
Covered volume fraction
Large-scale propagation effects
Particle trajectories
Quantitative analysis
Steady-state approach
Testing Liouville - First adiabatic invariant
Identifying propagation effects in cosmic ray observables
On flux modification — Observer sphere method
Method details
GCRs
EGCRs
On composition modification
Arrival direction distribution
GCRs
EGCRs
The influence of the propagation on the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays
GCRs
EGCRs
Combined flux
Summary and conclusions