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Trajectory analysis on the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) based on balloon measurements at the foothills of the Himalayas / Sreeharsha Hanumanthu. Wuppertal, August 19, 2021
Content
Abstract
Motivation
Introduction
Meteorological background
Upper troposphere, lower stratosphere and tropopause
Tropical tropopause layer
Inter tropical convergence zone
Tropical cyclones
The monsoon systems
The Asian summer monsoon
South Asian summer monsoon
Features of the South Asian summer monsoon
Onset and withdrawal
Subtropical Jetstream
Monsoon precipitation
El Niño southern oscillation influence on Asian monsoon circulation
Rossby wave wave breaking and eastward eddy shedding
Asian summer monsoon anticyclone
Asian tropopause aerosol layer
Measurements of the Asian Tropopause aerosol layer
Chemical composition of Asian tropopause aerosol layer particles
Asian tropopause aerosol layer and cirrus coexistence
Overview of this thesis
Instrumentation and the balloon campaigns in India and Nepal
Overview of the balloon measurements in northern India 2016 and Nepal 2017
Balloon-borne campaign in Naintal, India 2016
The balloon payload
Vaisala RS41-SPG radiosonde
Electrochemical concentration cell
Cryogenic frostpoint hygrometer
Compact optical back-scatter aerosol detector
Detection of the aerosol in the observed shortwave and long-wave channel
First results of measured ozone and water vapor in Nainital 2016
Results of COBALD Measurements
Color index and ice saturation
Data analysis and processing
Aerosol back-scatter measurements in August 2016
Model description and meteorological conditions
The chemical Lagrangian model of the stratosphere
Trajectory calculations
Meteorological conditions of the Asian monsoon 2016
Monsoon anticyclone
El Niño southern oscillation status on 2016
Model Results
Day-to-day variability of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer
Trajectory calculation and classification
Source regions of air masses contributing to the Asian tropopause aerosol layer
Sensitivity of strong-updraft location
Diversity in boundary layer sources
Sensitivity on backward trajectory length
Results of the back-trajectory analysis: Three cases
Case 1: Established Asian tropopause Aersol layer on 6 August 2016
Case 2: No Asian tropopause aerosol layer on 15 August 2016
Case 3: Typhoon influence on 18 August 2016
Results for all flights
Discussion and summary
Discussion
Conclusions
Appendix
Measured raw signal of balloon soundings
Comparing measured raw data to binned data
Sensitivity of 40 day run in different time-lengths
Spatial view
Sensitivity in the air mass origin
40, 60 and 80 day trajectory variability in source regions
List of Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Bibliography