Study of the cosmic ray composition sensitivity of AugerPrime : probing the prospects of the upgrade to the Pierre Auger Observatory with a deep learning approach / vorgelegt von M. Sc. Sonja Mayotte. Wuppertal, June 2021
Inhalt
- ABSTRACT
- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- LIST OF FIGURES
- LIST OF TABLES
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
- INTRODUCTION: ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGIES
- COSMIC RAYS AND EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS
- THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY
- The Fluorescence Detector
- The Surface Detector
- The AugerPrime Upgrade
- The CDAS Software
- The Off line Framework
- FIRST ANALYSES OF ENGINEERING ARRAY DATA
- Engineering Array Layout
- SD433 Reconstruction and HV Stability
- Charge Estimation of SSD Data and Correlation between Twin Stations
- Estimated Charge vs@汥瑀瑯步渠. Distance to Shower Core/Zenith Angle
- Timing Resolution of the SSD
- Timing Analysis without Shower Direction Correction
- Timing Analysis with Shower Direction Correction
- Timing Analysis during Full-Bandwidth Trigger Period
- Timing Analysis after switch of GPS module
- Cut on Signal Size and Analysis of the Signal Start Time
- Annual Variation of SSD PMT Temperature
- MIP Peak Stability vs@汥瑀瑯步渠. Time/Temperature
- Trace Baseline Stability
- Conclusions from the EA Analysis
- ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS & DEEP LEARNING
- Basic Components of a Neural Network
- Initialization and Training of a Neural Network
- Data Set Splitting
- Global Parameters, Metric, and Weight/Bias Initialization
- Forward Propagation and Cost Calculation
- Back Propagation and Network Evaluation
- Combating Under- and Overtraining
- Convolutional Neural Networks
- General Layer Types
- SIMULATION SETTINGS AND PRE-PROCESSING
- CORSIKA Simulation Setup
- AugerPrime Simulation and Reconstruction
- Pre-processing Detector Simulations with Python
- RECONSTRUCTION OF Xmax FROM AUGERPRIME SIMULATIONS
- Network Architecture
- In-training Data Augmentation
- Xmax Reconstruction Results with AugerPrime Simulations
- Evaluation Criteria
- Choosing the Epoch of Evaluation
- Evaluating the Model with SSD Trace Information
- Evaluating the Model without SSD Trace Information
- Zenith Angle Quality Cuts and Energy-dependent Corrections
- Improvement with the Addition of SSD Data
- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
- EA ANALYSIS: ADDITIONAL PLOTS
- SD-433 Reconstruction and HV Stability
- Timing Analysis without Shower Direction Correction
- Timing Analysis during Full-Bandwidth Trigger Period
- Timing Analysis after switch of GPS module
- MIP Peak Stability vs@汥瑀瑯步渠. Time/Temperature
- Trace Baseline Stability
- COMPARISON OF TWO AUGERPRIME SIMULATION SETS
- selectEvents FILE
- REFERENCES
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- DECLARATION