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Development of a detector control system chip / PhD thesis of: Niklaus Lehmann. Wuppertal, 25.06.2019
Inhalt
Table of contents
Introduction
Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider
The ATLAS experiment
Overview of the detector
Upgrade of the inner tracking detector
Standard Model of elementary particle physics
Matter Particles
Force carriers
Missing elements
Silicon tracking detectors
Silicon detectors
PN-junction
Silicon sensor modules: Hybrid detectors
CMOS detectors: Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors
Read out electronics
Detector power supply
Individual power
Parallel power
Serial power
Design of radiation hard ASICs
Radiation damage in integrated circuits
Cumulative radiation effects
Single event effects overview
Single event upsets in logic
Single event effects in analog elements
Simulations of single event effects
Radiation hard circuits
Protection against TID effects
Protection against SEU and SET
Protection against multi-bit upsets
Methods to prevent latch-up
Detector control system
Control and monitoring of ATLAS
LHC operation
DCS state machine
DCS for the ITk Pixel Detector
Safety path
Control & feedback path
Diagnostic path
Control of a serial power chain
DCS controller
PSPP chip
Pixel Serial Power & Protection chip
Requirements
Previous prototypes
Next generation Pixel Serial Power & Protection chips
Pixel Serial Power & Protection chip version 3 (PSPPv3)
PSPP Add-on Regulator & Comparator chip (PARC)
Pixel Serial Power & Protection chip version 4 (PSPPv4)
PSPP Asynchronous TMR Test chip (PATT)
Serial control bus
From I2C-HC to SCB
Physical layer
Protocol
Logic core
Protocol Unit
User Unit
Protection against single event upsets
Communication and logic test with the PSPPv3
Logic function updates for the PSPPv4
Test of PSPPv4 logic
Asynchronous triple modular redundancy
Clock detection circuit
ADC
Voltage measurement
Temperature measurement
Vglobal reference
Internal monitoring channels
ADC update in PSPPv4 and PATT
ADC test
Comparator for over-voltage and over-temperature protection
Comparator implementation in the PSPPv3
Radiation hard comparator
Comparator enhancements
Test results with the comparators
Bypass transistor
PSPPv3 bypass
Bypass design improvements
Bypass performance tests
Bandgap reference
Diode based bandgap reference
Transistor based bandgap structure
Usage of the transistor-BG in PSPPv3
Radiation hard regulators
Shunt regulator
Linear regulator
Regulator functionality test
PARC regulator irradiation
Updated regulator concept
PSPPv4 regulator tests
Power-on reset
Shift register for SEU tests
Operation and performance measurements
Initial test setup
Outer barrel demonstrator program
Chip probing
Electrical prototype
Irradiation tests
2017 TID irradiation
2019 TID irradiation
SEU cross-section
Upsets in the PSPPv4 logic
Stability and long term operation
PSPPv3 long term test
PSPPv4 climate chamber test
Risk analysis for serial power
PSPP failure modes and effects analysis
Failure probability of chain
Without bypass
With bypass
Probability discussion
Decision by the collaboration
Conclusion
Status and summary
Towards a production of the PSPP
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction to ASIC design
Short introduction to CMOS circuits
Analog base building blocks
Logic circuits
Digital design flow
Analog design flow
ASIC fabrication
List of ASICs designed at the University of Wuppertal
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis