Content

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  Motivation
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   Renewable Energies - Green Technology
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   Solar Chimney Power Plant Technology
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   Objectives of this Study
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   I Fundamentals
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  Structural Aspects of a Solar Chimney Power Plant
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  Solar Collector
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   Structural System
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   Guide Vanes or Closing Walls at Outer Rim of the Solar Collector
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   Ground - Properties and (Pre-)Treatment
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   Turbines and Housing
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   Transition Section
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  Solar Chimney
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   Structural System
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   Column or Shell Concept
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   Spoke Wheels or Ring Stiffeners
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  Basics of Fluid Mechanics
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   Solar Collector Flow
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   Influence of Turbulence on Solar Collector Flow Field
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   Flow Field on Top of the Solar Collector Roof
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   Wind Fence at the Outer Rim of the Solar Collector
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   Flow Losses
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  Turbine Properties
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   Axial-Flow vs. Wind Turbine
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   Pressure Drop and Efficiency
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   Actuator Disc Method (ADM)
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   Pressure Jump Method (PJM)
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   Flow Losses
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   Transition Section
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   Resistance Coefficient of Diffusers
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   Resistance Coefficient of Curved Segments and Mixing of Flow Streams
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  Solar Chimney Tube Flow
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   Side Effects
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   Flow Losses
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   Free Jet Flow
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   Control and Synthetic Jets (Fluidic Actuator)
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   Increase of Mixing and Turbulence
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  Basics of Thermodynamic
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  Thermodynamic Aspects Between the Solar Collector and Soil Surface
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   Glass and Supporting Structure
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   Soil Characteristics
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   Heat Transfer at the Components of the Solar Collector
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   Temperature Boundary Layer
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   Turbines
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   Thermodynamics of Axial-Flow Turbines
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   Efficiency
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   Transition Section
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   Solar Chimney Tube Flow
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   Ways of Heat Transfer
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   Atmosphere Solar Collector Roof
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   Atmosphere Soil Surface
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   Solar Collector Roof Solar Collector Air
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   Solar Collector Roof Soil Surface
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   Solar Collector Air Soil Surface
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   Soil Surface Soil Interior
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   Further Ways of Heat Transfer
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  Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
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  Model Parameter
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   2D- or 3D-Model
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   Domain Properties
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   Boundary Conditions (Global and Local)
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   Modelling Parameter
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   Navier-Stokes Equations
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   Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
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   Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)
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   Turbulence Modelling (k-, k-)
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   Radiation Model (S2S)
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   Shell Conduction Model
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  Computational Grid Parameter
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   Structured or Unstructured Grids
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   Grid Quality
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   Partitioning of Domain/Model
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   Solving Parameter
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   Verification and Validation
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   Best Practise Guideline
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   Errors and Uncertainties
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   II Pre-Investigation (Analytical - Experimental - Numerical)
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  Mathematical 1D-Model of a Solar Chimney Power Plant at Fullscale
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   Intention
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   Excel Solver
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   Input Parameter
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  Verification and Validation
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   Influence of Partitions of Solar Collector and Solar Chimney
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   Base Load of a Solar Chimney Power Plant
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  Physical Influence Parameters on Energy Output
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   Relative Humidity (RH)
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   Wind Pressure at Outer Rim of Solar Collector
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   Fresh Water Production
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   Altitude
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   Soil Parameters (Soil Heat Flux, Temperature)
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   Albedo
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   Minimal Temperature of Soil Underneath the Solar Collector
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  Results
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   Influence of Relative Humidity
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   Solar Collector Partitions
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   Solar Chimney Partitions
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   Soil Heat Flux
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   Minimal Soil Temperature
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   Conclusion
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  Wind Tunnel Studies at Stellenbosch, South Africa
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   Range of Simulations
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   2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
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   Volume/Mass Flow Measurements
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   Calibration
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  Analysis of PIV Data
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   Validation
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   Results
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   Conclusion
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  CFD Analysis of the Wind Tunnel Model from Stellenbosch
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  Model Set-Up, Main Parameters and Results
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   ANSYS Fluent
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   Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
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   Conclusion
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  Stationary 3D-CFD Model of the Prototype in Manzanares, Spain
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   Set-Up of the Numerical Model
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   Model With Cone in the Transition Section
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   Grid Independence Test
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   Results
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   Reference (A)
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   Without Installation and Without Radiation Model (B)
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   Without Installation and Without Shell Conduction Model (C)
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   Model With Installation (D)
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   Conclusion
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  Structural Model with Finite Elements
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  Model Parameters
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   Material Properties
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   Shape Profile of the Solar Chimney
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   Wall Thickness
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   Ring Stiffeners
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   Column vs. Shell Concept
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  Grid Sensitivity Analysis
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   Convergence
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   Verification - Eigenfrequency and Modular Shape
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   Symmetry
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   Load Cases
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   Dead Load
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   Wind Load
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  Results
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   Displacements
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   In-Plane Forces n22, n11 and n12
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   Ring Stiffener Forces
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  The Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
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   Displacements
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   Meridional Forces n22
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   Ring Stiffener Forces
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   Design Study for a Solar Chimney with Diffuser
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   Conclusion
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   III Improved Solar Chimney Power Plant Model
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  Wind Tunnel Studies at Bochum, Germany
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  Experimental Set-Up
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   Model Design and Parameters
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   Heat Source - Modelling of Buoyancy Effect
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  Redirecting Variants for the Transition Section
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   Extension of Turbine Opening
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   Local Redirection
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   Global Redirection
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   Windbreaker
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   Combination
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   Designed Variants
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  Asymmetric Inflow Conditions
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   Flow Barriers at the Periphery
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   Turbine Malfunction or During Phase of Construction or Maintenance
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   Measuring Devices
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   Results
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   Cylindrical Chimney (CC)
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   Diffuser Chimney (DC)
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   Conclusion
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  3D-CFD Analysis of the Wind Tunnel Model
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   Set-Up of the Numerical Model
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   Results
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   Conclusion
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   IV Final Remarks
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   Conclusion
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   Outlook
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   List of References
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   V Appendices
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   Former Research on the Solar Chimney Power Plant
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  Wind Tunnel Studies at Stellenbosch, South Africa
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   Wind Tunnel at Stellenbosch, SA
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   Wind Tunnel Models I and II
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   Measurement Equipment
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   Volume/Mass Flow Measurements
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   Pressure Measurements
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   Pitot Static Tube
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   PIV System
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   Calibration Data
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   Details of Measuring Equipment
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   Preliminary Tests
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   Results
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   CFD Analysis of the Wind Tunnel Model from Stellenbosch
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   Stationary 3D-CFD Model of the Prototype of Manzanares, Spain
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   Results for Configuration B
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   Results for Configuration C
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   Results for Configuration D
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   Derivation of Hyperbola Equation
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  Wind Tunnel Studies at Bochum, Germany
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   Wind Tunnel Model
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  Measuring Equipment
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   Pressure Transducers
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   Pitot-Static Tubes
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   Modelling of Turbine Influence
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   Material Properties
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  Results
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   Cylindrical Chimney (CC)
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   Diffuser Chimney (DC)
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  Fan Flow Simulation and Turbine Influence Modelling
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   Intention
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   High-Speed Camera Testing
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   Fan Model
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   Set-Up and Equipment of High-Speed Camera
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   Results
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   Basics of Axial Turbines
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   Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEM)
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   Blade Element Theory
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   Momentum Theory
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   The Concept of Fan Similarity
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  Turbine Layout
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   Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) Layout
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   Rotor Layout
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   Inflow and Outflow Condition
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   Conclusion
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  Design and Construction of a Solar Chimney Power Plant for Aswan, Egypt
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   Construction Site
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   Structural Model and Final Design
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   Monitoring and Measuring Devices