Laterally separated muons from cosmic ray air showers measured with the IceCube neutrino observatory / vorgelegt von Dennis Soldin. Wuppertal, Juni 2017
Inhalt
- Abstract
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Cosmic Ray Air Showers
- 2.1 Cosmic Rays
- 2.1.1 The Sources of Cosmic Rays
- 2.1.2 Acceleration Mechanisms
- 2.1.3 Cosmic Ray Spectrum
- 2.1.4 Mass Composition
- 2.2 Extensive Air Showers
- 2.3 Atmospheric Leptons
- 2.4 Laterally Separated Muons
- 3 Detection Principles
- 4 The IceCube Neutrino Observatory
- 4.1 The IceCube In-Ice Array
- 4.1.1 Ice Properties
- 4.1.2 Digital Optical Modules
- 4.1.3 Data Acquisition
- 4.1.4 Detector Calibration
- 4.1.5 Triggering and Data Filtering
- 4.2 Surface Detector IceTop
- 5 Simulation
- 5.1 CORSIKA
- 5.2 Hadronic Interaction Models
- 5.3 Primary Weighting
- 5.4 LS Muon Simulations
- 5.4.1 General Concept
- 5.4.2 Production Channels
- 5.4.3 Transverse Momentum Distributions
- 5.4.4 Hadron Energy Spectra
- 5.4.5 LS Muon Flux Calculation
- 5.5 Monte Carlo Distributions
- 5.6 Neutrino Simulations
- 5.7 In-Ice Propagation and Detector Response
- 6 Data Selection and Reconstructions
- 6.1 Pre-Filtering
- 6.2 Basic Event Reconstructions
- 6.3 Double-Track Reconstruction
- 6.4 Event Selection
- 6.5 Event Rates
- 6.6 Track Reconstruction Accuracy
- 6.7 Primary Energy Estimator
- 6.8 Transverse Momentum Estimator
- 6.9 Effective Areas
- 7 Results
- 7.1 Primary Energy Spectrum
- 7.2 Lateral Separation Distribution
- 7.3 Zenith Angle Distribution and Interaction Height
- 7.4 Transverse Momentum
- 7.5 Cosmic Ray Mass Composition
- 7.6 Seasonal Variations
- 7.7 Systematic Uncertainties
- 8 Exotic Double-Tracks from Cosmic Ray Air Showers
- 9 Summary and Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- A Supplements
- A.1 Cosmic Ray Flux Parametrizations
- A.2 Atmospheric Model Parametrizations
- A.3 Random Number Generation
- A.3.1 General Concept
- A.3.2 Further Particle Generations
- A.3.3 Transverse Momentum
- A.3.4 Path Lengths
- A.4 Pearson Correlation Coefficient
- A.5 Feynman Diagrams
- A.6 Seasonal Variations
- B Simulation Inputs
- B.1 Spectral Indices
- B.2 Energy Spectra
- B.3 Generation Probabilities
- B.4 Cross Sections
- B.5 Correlations
- C Additional Distributions
- C.1 Lateral Separation
- C.2 Zenith Angle
- C.3 Total Charge
- C.4 Opening Angle
- C.5 Time Difference
- C.6 Reduced Log-Likelihood
- C.7 Transverse Momentum
- C.8 Primary Energy
- C.9 LS Muon Energy
- C.10 Atmospheric Heights
- C.11 Reconstruction Accuracies
- C.12 Effective Areas
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Bibliography
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Index