Content

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   First_page
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   Dedication_2
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  01-Acknowledgments_3
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   Acknowledgements
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  02-Abstract_1
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   Abstract
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  03-Zusammenfassung
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   Zusammenfassung
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  04-Table_of_contents_final
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   Contents
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  1-Introduction_2
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  Introduction
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   Motivation and target
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   1.
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   Problem definition
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   Methodology and innovation
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   Limits of the study
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   Organization of the thesis
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  2-Basics_of_product_development_and_task_clarification_3
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  Basics of product development and task clarification
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   2.1.
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   Basics of product development
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   2.
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   2.1.1.
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   2.1.2.
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   2.1.3.
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   2.1.4.
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   2.1.5.
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   2.1.6.
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   2.2.
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   Modularization of products
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   2.2.1.
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   2.3.
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   Construction methods
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   2.3.1.
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   2.3.2.
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  3-Market_survey_3
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  Market Survey
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   3.1.
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  Housing demand
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   3.
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   3.2.
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   Demand on schools
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   3.3.
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   Seismic Risk
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   3.3.1.
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   Seismic Hazard
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   3.3.2.
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   Seismic vulnerability
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   3.4.
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   Major construction types in developing countries
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   3.4.1.
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   Adobe houses
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   3.4.2.
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   Wood houses
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   3.4.3.
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   Stone masonry houses
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   3.4.4.
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   Brick masonry houses
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   3.4.5.
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   Confined masonry houses
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   3.4.6.
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   Reinforced concrete frame buildings
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  4-Lessons_learnt_4
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  Last earthquakes: costs paid, lessons learnt
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   4.1.
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   Architectural related aspects
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   4.1.1.
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   Collaboration of the architect and the engineer
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   4.
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   4.1.2.
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   Turn over of slim high-rise buildings, Niigata, Japan [16]
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  Seismic induced overturning and resisting moments
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   4.1.3.
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   Symmetry and compactness
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  Collapse due to asymmetry in the plan, Yalova, Turkey [12]
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   4.1.4.
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   Soft-storey floors
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   4.1.5.
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   Openings
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   4.2.
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   4.2.1.
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   Seismic provisions of the codes
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  Conventional housing units in urban and rural areas by the year of construction completion [19]
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   4.2.2.
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   Site specific response spectra
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   An example of elastic design spectrum from EN 1998-1 [27]
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   4.2.3.
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   Softening
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   Good behavior of containers in earthquake [29]
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   4.2.4.
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   Diagonal steel bracing
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   4.2.5.
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   Ductility of structures
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   4.2.6.
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   Floor and roof diaphragms
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   4.2.7.
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   Connection of slabs
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   4.2.8.
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   Infill walls
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   4.2.9.
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   4.3.
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   4.3.1.
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   On-site fabrication
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   4.3.2.
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   Separation of adjacent buildings
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   4.3.3.
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   Non-structural elements
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  5-Conceptual_design_5
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  Conceptual design of earthquake-safe houses and schools
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   5.1.
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  Structural Concept
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   5.
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   5.2.
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   Structural safety-relevant components
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   5.2.1.
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   5.2.2.
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   5.2.3.
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   5.3.
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   Cost analysis and calculation
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   5.3.1.
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   5.3.2.
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   5.4.
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   Non-structural components
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   5.4.1.
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   Cultural acceptance and attractiveness
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  6-Embody_design_5
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  Structural design of earthquake-safe houses and schools
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   6.1.
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   Structural features of main components
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  6.1.1.
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   6.
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   6.1.2.
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   6.2.
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   Other important aspects
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   6.2.1.
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   Design for production and assembly
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   6.2.2.
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   Corrosion-resistant design
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   6.2.3.
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   Financing
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   6.2.4.
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   Role of experiments
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  7-Detail_design_4
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   Building description
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   7.1.
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   Modeling and analysis
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   7.2.
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   7.2.1.
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   7.2.2.
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   7.2.3.
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   Cost calculation
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   7.3.
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   Highlights
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   7.4.
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  8-Conclusions_1
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   Concluding remarks and future works
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   8.
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  9-Bibliography_table_05-04-2009_1
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    References
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   U.S. Geological Survey: Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since 1900, URL: <http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/world_deaths.php>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad: Creating the right platforms for knowledge based businesses in developing countries, Speech at Isfahan University of Technology on 18.09.2006, Isfahan, Iran.
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   Geohazards International: Toward global earthquake safety: Partnering with Geohazards International, 2004, URL: <http://www.geohaz.org/contents/publications/Geohazards%20Brochure.pdf>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Ghafory-Ashtiany, M.: Global Blueprints for Change: Case Study of Iran's Earthquake Risk Reduction Experience, 1st edition, 2001, URL: <http://www.gadr.giees.uncc.edu/downblueprint.cfm>.
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   Kahn, M. E.: The death toll from natural disasters: the role of income, geography, and institutions. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 271–284, May 2005
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   Parhizkar, T: Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauwerken im Iran, Der Einfluss der Eigenschaften von “Iran-Beton” in einem feuchtheißen Klima auf die Beständigkeit des Verbundes zwischen einem Instandsetzungssystem und dem instand zu setzenden Altbeton, Dissertation, Technischen Universität Berlin, Berlin, 2000.
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   Bachmann, H.: Seismic Conceptual Design of Buildings: Basic principles for engineers, architects, building owners, and authorities, Biel 2002, 81 p.
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   Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI); International Association of Earthquake Engineering (IAEE): World Housing Encyclopedia (WHE): an Encyclopedia of Housing Construction in Seismically Active Areas of the World, URL: <http://www.world-housing.net>
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   Langenbach, R.; Mosalam, K. M.; Akarsu, S.; Dusi, A.: Armature Crosswalls: A Proposed Methodology to Improve the Seismic Performance of Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Infill Frame Structures, In: 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (8NCEE), San Francisco 1906 anniversary, 2006.
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   EERI Learning from Earthquakes Reconnaissance Report: The Boumerdes, Algeria, Earthquake of May 21, 2003. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), October 2003, URL: <http://www.eeri.org/site/images/lfe/pdf/algeria_20030521.pdf>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Turkey-US geotechnical earthquake engineering reconnaissance team: Initial Geotechnical Observations of the August 17, 1999, Kocaeli Earthquake, September 1999, URL: <http://research.eerc.berkeley.edu/projects/GEER/GEER_Post EQ Reports/Kocaeli_1999/Report3.1Kocaeli.pdf>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Taiwan's National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE): Sichuan Earthquake 2008 Reconnaissance Photo Gallery V2, URL: <http://w3.ncree.org/ZH/EarthquakeInfo/080512Sichuan/D/11/index.html>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Eslimy-Isfahany, S. H. R.; Pegels, G.: Seismic-Proof Housing: Reconstruction in Rural Areas. In: Third International I-Rec Conference, Post-disaster reconstruction: Meeting Stakeholder Interests, 17-19 May 2006, Florence, Italy, pp. 335-341.
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   Ledezma, Ch.: Preliminary overview report of M 7.7 Antofagasta-Tocopilla, Chile Earthquake of November 14, 2007, UC Berkeley. URL: <http://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/chile_nov07_ledezma.pdf>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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   National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC): NGDC Natural Hazards Slide Sets, URL: <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=5&t=101634&s=0&d=1>, RAccessed on 15.12.2008.
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   Goldbeck GmbH: Construction business abroad, opportunities for medium-sized enterprises (In German: Auslandsbau - Chancen für den Mittelstand), Presentation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, December 6th, 2007.
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   Samsamshariat, M.: Vulnerability of Predominant Building Types in Iran, Master Thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bauhaus-University Weimar, Weimar, 2005.
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   European Committee for Standardization: prEN 1990: 2001: Basis of structural design, Brussels, 2003.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1991: 2002: Actions on structures; Part 1-1: General actions: Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings; German version, Beuth Verlag, Berlin, 2002.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1992-1: 2002: Design of concrete structures, Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings, Brussels, 2002.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1993: 2003: Design of steel structures; Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, Brussels, 2003.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1993: 2004: Design of steel structures; Part 1-3: Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting, Brussels, 2004.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1993: 2004: Design of steel structures; Part 1-5: Plated structural elements, Brussels, 2004.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1993: 2003: Design of steel structures; Part 1-8: Design of joints, Brussels, 2003.
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   European Committee for Standardization: EN 1998-1: 2003: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, Brussels, 2003.
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   Nakata, J. K.; Meyer, Ch. E.; Wilshire, H. G.; Tinsley, J. C.; Updegrove, W. S.; Peterson, D. M.; Ellen, S. D.; Haugerud, R. A.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fisher, G. R.; Diggles, M. F.; The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake—Selected Photographs. In: U.S. Geological Survey: Digital Data Series DDS-29 Version 1.2,1999, URL: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29>, Accessed on 15.12.2008.
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