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  • Optical waveguides are one of the cornerstones in many fields, including communication, manufacturing, as well as quantum technologies. While conventional glass fibres minimize environmental interaction to achieve low loss transmission of light, optical sensors and light modulators are based on highly sensitive, micro-/nanostructured waveguides that often require precise alignments and typically provide only static spatial control of light. In addition, spatial light modulation is commonly realized with mechanically actuated optics, but response times are often limited to the millisecond range. However, nonlinear waveguides combined with optical surface structures offer a pathway to ultrafast spatial control of light, and are thus central to achieve scalable quantum systems. However, many established nonlinear materials require complex high-vacuum fabrication or exhibit high optical loss, and integrating nonlinear liquids into rigid waveguide stacks remains challenging. This thesis addresses these limitations by developing novel waveguide geometries with enhanced sensitivity to changes in the electromagnetic environment as well as nonlinear material concepts compatible with polymer fabrication technology.
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