Spark, helical resonator and laser plasmas : investigations and applications / Dr. Hendrik Kersten. Wuppertal, [2025]
Inhalt
- Habilitationsschrift
- Table of Contents
- I GENERAL INTRODUCTION
- 1 The Fourth State of Matter
- 2 Present Work – DFG Grant, Subsequent Projects and General Progress
- II SPARK PLASMA
- 1 Abstract
- 2 Introduction and Theory
- 2.1 Sparking Theory
- 2.1.1 Townsend Discharge
- 2.1.1.1 Primary Amplification
- 2.1.1.2 Secondary Amplification
- 2.1.1.3 Electron Energy Losses
- 2.1.1.4 Electronic Excitation, Ionization and the Effect of Impurities
- 2.1.1.5 Rotational, Vibrational Excitation and Electron Attachment
- 2.1.1.6 Paschen Law
- 2.1.2 Space Charge and the Beginning of a Glow Discharge
- 2.1.3 Transition to Arc Discharge
- 2.1.4 The Load Line
- 2.1.5 Miniature Spark Discharge
- 3 Spectroscopy and Current-Voltage Characteristics
- 3.1 Experimental Setups
- 3.1.1 Power Supply
- 3.1.2 Electrode Assembly
- 3.1.3 Gas Supply and Vacuum System
- 3.1.4 Spectroscopic Setup
- 3.1.5 Current/Voltage and Time Resolved Light Measurement Setup
- 3.2 Spectroscopy
- 3.2.1 Comparison with Commercial VUV Lamps
- 3.2.2 Detailed Spectroscopic Investigation
- 3.2.2.1 Origin of the VUV Helium Continuum
- 3.2.2.2 Helium Emission in the Presence of a Second Gas Component
- 3.2.2.3 Alteration of the Helium VUV Emission with Pressure
- 3.2.2.4 Alteration of the Helium UV-VIS-NIR Emission with Pressure
- 3.2.2.5 Air Spark Discharge
- 3.2.3 Establishing an Online Spectroscopic Database
- 3.3 Time Resolved Experiments
- 3.3.1 Current, Voltage and Emission Characteristics
- 3.3.2 Pressure Effects on the Discharge Main Peak
- 3.3.3 Breakdown Voltage
- 3.3.4 Wavelength and Time Resolved Emission Profiles for Chemical Kinetics
- 3.3.5 Effect on the Current-Voltage Characteristics upon Oxygen Addition
- 3.4 Plasma Parameters
- 3.5 Electrode Corrosion
- 4 Metastable Measurements
- 5 Applications and Designs
- 5.1 Sparks in Liquid Nitrogen for Proton Capture
- 5.2 GC-Orbitrap with Spark Discharge Ionization
- 5.3 Aerosol Spark Discharge Ionization
- 5.4 Capillary Electrokinetic Separation
- 6 Conclusion and Outlook
- III HELICAL RESONATOR PLASMA
- 1 Abstract
- 2 Introduction and Theory
- 3 Use of Radiation
- 3.1 Spatial VUV Light Distribution
- 3.2 Photoionization Source for GC-Orbitrap-MS
- 3.2.1 Theory on Ion Generation in a GC-API Source
- 3.2.2 Prototype Development
- 3.2.3 Transfer to Market Maturity
- 3.3 Combined Plasma and Laser Ionization
- 3.4 VUV Lamp and Coil Variations
- 4 Use of Plasma Ions
- 5 Conclusion and Outlook
- IV LASER PLASMA
- 1 Abstract
- 2 Introduction and Theory
- 3 Methods
- 3.1 Laser and Plasma Chamber
- 3.2 VUV Spectroscopy (40-300 nm)
- 3.3 UV to NIR Spectroscopy (200-1 100 nm)
- 3.4 Temporally Resolved Light Emission
- 3.5 Electron Emission Measurements
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Geometry of the Visible Plasma Ball
- 4.2 Formation of the Primary Plasma Core
- 4.3 Temporally Resolved Light Measurements
- 4.4 Plasma Electron Measurements
- 4.5 Energy Considerations
- 4.6 Spectroscopic Features
- 5 Conclusion and Outlook
- References
- List of Tables and Figures
- Notation and Terminology
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