Study of high energy steeply up-going air showers with the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory : constraining BSM scenarios producing up-going τ Leptons / vorgelegt von M.Sc. Ioana-Alexandra Caracas. Wuppertal, 2022
Inhalt
- Abstract
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Introduction
- Cosmic Rays and Extensive Air Showers
- Cosmic Ray Fluxes
- Features in the Cosmic Ray spectrum
- The Cutoff in the Cosmic Ray Spectrum
- Cosmic ray acceleration scenarios
- Extensive Air Showers
- The Pierre Auger Observatory
- The Surface Detector
- The Fluorescence Detector
- Atmospheric Monitoring
- FD Reconstruction
- Reconstruction of the Shower Detector Plane
- Monocular Shower Axis Reconstruction
- Stereo Reconstruction
- The Offline Framework
- Up-going Air Showers
- Up-going EAS
- The ANITA experiment
- First simulations of steeply up-going EAS with the FD of the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Simulation of steeply up-going induced air showers using CORSIKA
- Simulation of the FD response to up-going EAS
- First simulation sets towards a follow-up of the ANITA events
- Additional corrections in the up-going showers simulations
- Simulations of up-going -induced air showers: CORSIKA and TAUOLA
- First FD exposure results to simulated up-going air showers
- Search of Steeply Up-going Air Showers with the FD of the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Signal simulations
- Simulation parameters
- Events generation geometry
- Geometry implementation in the simulation framework - Offline
- Background studies
- Events selection procedure
- Results
- Steeply up-going -induced air showers
- Simulation of -leptons
- FD exposure to up-going -induced air showers
- Exposure in terms of -decay energy: comparison to CR-like EAS
- Exposure in terms of -primary energy: towards BSM scenarios
- Upper flux limits on up-going -induced air showers
- Beyond Standard Model Particles
- BSM scenario:
- Survival probability inside Earth
- Interaction probability within the last distance below Earth
- Probability of a BSM particle to produce
- Flux limits on BSM particles producing steeply up-going
- Fixed cross section
- Energy-dependent cross section
- Reduced energy losses within several BSM scenarios
- BSM particles in the Earth-Skimming channel
- Probability of ES produced by BSM particles to exit the Earth
- Flux upper bounds on BSM particles in the ES channel
- Combined upper limits on BSM particles: ES and steeply up-going -induced air showers
- Conclusions and Future Prospects
- Appendix CORSIKA input files and configuration
- Appendix Gaisser Hillas fit for up-going induced air showers
- Appendix Calculation of the FD up-time fraction
- Appendix Signal Simulations for the cosmic-ray like up-going EAS
- Transition from CORSIKA to CONEX in the signal simulations
- On the equivalence of flat with sampling and flat with sampling
- From flat in distance to first interaction to flat in injection distance
- Appendix Background simulations - Generation sphere
- Appendix Atmospheric profile parametrization
- Appendix Energy transfer impact on BSM upper flux limits
- References
- Acknowledgements
- Declaration